2014年高考英语可能考察的英语作文题目类型及应对策略

随着2014年高考的临近，考生们正紧锣密鼓地准备英语科目的考试，尤其是英语作文部分，今年的高考作文题目类型可能会涉及哪些领域？考生应该如何应对？本文将对此进行详细分析，并提供相应的应对策略。

一、可能考察的英语作文题目类型

1、议论文

议论文是高考英语作文最常见的题型之一，它要求考生就某一观点或现象进行论述，提出自己的见解并给出理由。“The Importance of Environmental Protection in Modern Society”。

2、说明文

说明文要求考生对某一事物或现象进行解释和描述。“How to Improve Your Memory”。

3、图表作文

图表作文通常要求考生根据所给的图表（如柱状图、饼图、表格等）进行描述，并据此写出文章。“The Changing Population Structure in China”。

4、书信

书信类作文要求考生按照书信的格式，写一封正式或非正式的信件。“A Letter to the School Principal Regarding the Need for More Sports Facilities”。

5、情景作文

情景作文通常设定一个具体的情景，要求考生根据情景写出相应的文章。“You are a Tourist in a Foreign Country; Write a Short Essay on the Cultural Differences You Have Encountered”。

二、应对策略

1、积累词汇和句型

对于议论文和说明文，考生需要积累相关的词汇和句型，以便能够准确地表达自己的观点，在谈论环境保护时，可以使用“environmental degradation”、“sustainable development”等词汇；在描述如何改善记忆力时，可以使用“boost one's memory”、“enhance cognitive function”等表达。

2、注意图表细节

对于图表作文，考生需要仔细观察图表中的每一个细节，包括数据的变化趋势、各个部分所占的比例等，要注意图表的标题和注释，这些往往提供了重要的背景信息，在描述图表时，可以使用“increase by”、“account for”等表达。

3、掌握书信格式

对于书信类作文，考生需要熟悉各种书信的格式和用语，开头需要有一个称呼（Dear Sir/Madam），结尾需要有礼貌的结束语（Yours faithfully）和署名，在写信时，要注意语气和礼貌程度，根据收信人的身份和关系进行调整。

4、理解情景背景

对于情景作文，考生需要仔细阅读题目中的背景信息，理解情景的设定和要求，在写旅游见闻时，要考虑到自己作为一个游客的身份和所见所闻的合理性，要注意文章的结构和逻辑，使文章条理清晰、层次分明。

5、多练习写作

无论哪种类型的作文，多练习都是提高写作能力的关键，考生可以通过模拟考试、写作练习等方式来提高自己的写作水平，要注意总结自己的写作经验和不足，不断改进和提高。

三、具体题目分析及范文展示

1、议论文：The Importance of Environmental Protection in Modern Society

分析：这篇作文要求考生论述环境保护在现代社会的重要性，考生可以从环境污染的现状、环境保护对人类社会的影响以及可持续发展的必要性等方面展开论述。

范文：

   The Importance of Environmental Protection in Modern Society
   
   In recent years, environmental degradation has become a pressing issue that concerns everyone on the planet. The rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization has led to air and water pollution, deforestation, and the depletion of natural resources. These problems not only affect the quality of life but also pose a threat to the survival of future generations. Therefore, environmental protection has become a matter of utmost importance in modern society.
   
   Firstly, environmental protection is crucial for maintaining the health and well-being of human beings. Air pollution, for instance, can cause respiratory diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Water pollution, on the other hand, can contaminate drinking water sources and lead to waterborne diseases. These health issues not only reduce the quality of life but also impose a heavy burden on healthcare systems and economies. By protecting the environment, we can mitigate these health risks and ensure a healthier future for all.
   
   Secondly, environmental protection is essential for sustainable development. The depletion of natural resources, such as fossil fuels and minerals, threatens the long-term viability of economies and societies. Sustainable development requires that we use resources wisely and protect the environment from degradation. This can be achieved through the adoption of renewable energy sources, efficient use of resources, and the implementation of strict environmental regulations. By doing so, we can ensure that future generations will have access to the resources they need to thrive.
   
   In conclusion, environmental protection is of paramount importance in modern society. It is not only a matter of health and well-being but also a matter of sustainability and future prosperity. We must take urgent action to protect our planet and ensure that future generations will inherit a healthy and sustainable environment.

2、说明文：How to Improve Your Memory

分析：这篇作文要求考生解释如何提高记忆力，考生可以从保持良好的生活习惯、进行记忆训练、采用有效的记忆技巧等方面展开说明。

范文：

   How to Improve Your Memory
   
   Memory is a vital cognitive function that enables us to learn, retain information, and make informed decisions. However, as we age or face stress and other challenges, our memory may decline. Fortunately, there are several effective ways to improve memory. In this essay, we will explore some of these methods.
   
   Firstly, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for improving memory. Regular exercise has been shown to enhance cognitive function and protect against age-related cognitive decline. A healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins B6 and B12 has also been linked to improved memory function. Additionally, getting enough sleep is essential for memory consolidation and retention. By adopting these healthy habits, you can lay the foundation for improved memory.
   
   Secondly, engaging in memory training exercises can significantly enhance your memory capabilities. These exercises include techniques such as mnemonic devices (e.g., the method of loci), visualization exercises, and regular practice of mental exercises such as Sudoku or crossword puzzles. By regularly practicing these exercises, you can strengthen your memory muscles and improve your ability to retain information over time.
   
   Thirdly, adopting effective memory strategies can make a significant difference in your ability to remember information accurately and efficiently. For example, breaking down complex information into smaller chunks (chunking) can make it easier to remember. Similarly, using association techniques (e.g., linking new information to something already known) can improve recall accuracy. By incorporating these strategies into your daily routine, you can significantly improve your memory performance.
   
   In conclusion, improving memory is possible through a combination of healthy habits, memory training exercises, and effective memory strategies. By adopting these methods consistently over time, you can enhance your cognitive function and improve your ability to remember important information accurately and efficiently. Remember that improving memory takes time and effort; however, with dedication and practice, you can achieve significant improvements in your memory capabilities.

3、情景作文：You are a Tourist in a Foreign Country; Write a Short Essay on the Cultural Differences You Have Encountered

分析：这篇作文要求考生以一个游客的身份描述在国外旅游时遇到的文化差异，考生可以从饮食习惯、社交礼仪、时间观念等方面展开描述。

范文：

   You are a Tourist in a Foreign Country; Write a Short Essay on the Cultural Differences You Have Encountered 
   
   As a tourist in a foreign country, I have had the opportunity to experience many cultural differences that have been fascinating and enlightening. In this essay, I will describe some of the notable differences I have encountered during my travels abroad. 
   
   Firstly, I was surprised by the differences in dietary customs between my home country and the foreign country I visited. For example, in some cultures, it is common to eat with your hands rather than using utensils such as knives and forks. In other cultures, it is considered rude to eat certain foods with your hands or to consume certain types of food at specific times of day (e.g., only eating meat at certain times during religious festivals). These differences have taught me to be more open-minded when it comes to food and cultural practices related to eating habits. 
   
   Secondly, I noticed significant differences in social etiquette between my home country and the foreign country I visited. For instance, some cultures place a high value on personal space and prefer not to touch others unless it is necessary (e.g., shaking hands during greetings). In contrast, other cultures may be more tactile and affectionate in their interactions with others (e.g., hugging or kissing on the cheek as a greeting). Understanding these differences has helped me to avoid cultural faux pas during my travels abroad and has allowed me to better appreciate the unique social norms of each culture I have encountered. 
   
   Thirdly, I was struck by the differences in time-related behaviors between my home country and the foreign country I visited (e.g., punctuality). In some cultures (e.g., Japan), punctuality is highly valued; missing an appointment or being late is considered rude or disrespectful towards others' time constraints (e). In contrast (e), other cultures may be more flexible with regard to timekeeping (e) (e) (e)g (e) Latin American cultures where tardiness is often seen as part of everyday life (e) (e)g (e) “迟到” being considered “part of everyday life.” By recognizing these differences in time-related behaviors (e) (e)g (e) punctuality (e) (e)g (e) being on time (e) (e)g (e) arriving at appointments at specified times (e) (e)g (e) being early or on schedule (e), I have been able to adjust my behavior accordingly when traveling abroad (e) (e)g (e) being respectful of local customs while still maintaining my own sense of time management (e). 
   ...

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